As you know, on the retina formed an inverted image of the observed object, and only after it is processed by the brain it becomes a "head to feet." Is not that so true of the physical world? Huge space, with occasional islands of matter, may be not such a blank. And the fact that we believe the firmament – a substance – such as "donut hole"! Of course, this view is quite unusual and at first glance seems absurd, but it is this view of nature can explain some of the "strangeness" of modern cosmology. Homo sapiens tends to predict his next day, studying the laws of nature, understand their place in this world through an understanding of its devices. Such an understanding is achieved by creating models of the natural processes. Of course, any good model that adequately reflects the reality, but no doubt, that model is better, which is easier. At all times one of the most conspicuous and interesting object of study is a starry sky. And these days it never ceases to amaze scientists.
If the 19 th century believed that the universe is space in which there are, each in his place, star systems and clusters – galaxies, then in the 20 century it became clear that the universe is a dynamic system characterized by complex and not completely understood, from the point view of classical physics, the behavior. And in the 21 century in cosmological models to explain new experimental data, actively began to be a strange concept – "dark matter" and "dark energy". What made scientists "Delve into the darkness" night sky? In the early 20 century, Hubble had discovered the effect of "divergence" of galaxies, according to which they are removed from each other at a rate proportional to the distance between them is: v = H l, (1) 1: v – the rate of removal of extragalactic objects; H – Hubble constant; l – the distance between the extragalactic objects.
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